The Effect of Intersection Angle on the Failure Mechanism of Utility Tunnel

Figure 3

Common tunnel failure mechanism when crossing ground fissures. (a) The section of tunnel crossing ground fissures. (b, c) Previous study of open-cut box tunnel failure mechanism when crossing ground fissures. (d, e) Previous study of horseshoe-shaped tunnel failure mechanism when crossing ground fissures.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)