Settlement Behavior of Soft Subgrade Reinforced by Geogrid-Encased Stone Column and Geocell-Embedded Sand Cushion: A Numerical Analysis

Table 1

Physical and mechanical properties of the materials.

Parameter	Embankment fill	Geocell-sand composite	Silty clay	Sand	Gravel
Natural unit weight γ (kN/m^3)	17	19	14	20	18
Saturated unit weight γsat (kN/m^3)	19	20	15	21	21
Elasticity modulus E (MPa)	15	42	2.8	26	50
Poisson’s ratio μ	0.3	0.3	0.35	0.3	0.3
Cohesion c (kPa)	15	42	14	10	0
Friction angle φ (°)	23	30	17	30	35
Interface strength reduction factor Rinter	0.65	0.65	0.58	0.58	0.58