Numerical Analysis on the Performance of the Underwater Excavation

Table 1

Parameters of the HS model.

Symbol	Physical implication	Method of evaluation	References
	The angle of dilatancy		Bolton [19]
	Modulus of elasticity under partial loading		Calvello and Finno [20] Khoiri and Ou [21]
	Modulus of elasticity of in compression test		Calvello and Finno [20] Khoiri and Ou [21]
	The referential unloading/reloading stiffness		Lim et al. [22] Khoiri and Ou [21]
	Power index of the stress level of stiffness		Schanz et al. [23]
	Strength failure ratio	0.9	Duncan and Chang [24] Schanz et al. [23]
	Poisson’s ratio in the unloading-reloading state	0.2	—
	K0 value for normal consolidation		Jaky [25]

The referential pressure  = 100 kPa.