The Effects of Multipropped Deep Excavation-Induced Ground Movements on Adjacent High-Rise Building Founded on Piled Raft in Sand

Table 2

Hypoplastic model parameters of sand adopted in this study.

Description	Parameter
Effective angle of shearing resistance at critical state, ϕ^’	31^o
Coefficient of at-rest earth pressure, Ko	0.5
Hardness of Granulates, hs	2.6 GPa
Exponent n	0.27
Minimum void ratio at zero pressure, edo	0.61
Maximum void ratio at zero pressure, eio	1.10
Critical void ratio at zero pressure, eco	0.98
Exponent α	0.14
Exponent β	6
Parameter controlling initial shear modulus upon 180° strain path reversal, mR	11
Parameter controlling initial shear modulus upon 90° strain path reversal, mT	6
Size of elastic range, R	2 × 10^−5
Parameter controlling degradation rate of stiffness with strain, βr	0.1
Parameter controlling degradation rate of stiffness with strain, χ	1.0