Instability Mechanism of Cavity-Bearing Formation under Tunnel Excavation Disturbance

Table 3

Soil physical and mechanical parameters.

Material	Modulus of elasticity E (MPa)	Poisson ratio μ	Unit weight ρb (kN·m^−3)	Cohesive strength c (MPa)	Internal friction angle φ (°)
Silty clay	15	0.32	20	0.041	19