Numerical and Experimental Study on Soil Plug Resistance of Open-Ended Pipe Pile with a Restriction Plate

<div>Experimental and simulation results of pipe piles with different plug length-diameter ratios: (a) examples of force-displacement curves and (b) plug resistance over different <i>L</i>/<i>D</i>s (<i>D</i> = 5.0 cm).</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 7

Figure 7: Numerical and Experimental Study on Soil Plug Resistance of Open-Ended Pipe Pile with a Restriction Plate 