The Tensile Strength of Loess in Northwest China by Unconfined Penetration Test and the Distinct Element Simulation

Table 7

Microparameters of parallel bond contacts.

pb_emod	pb_kratio	pb_ten	pb_coh	pb_fa	pb_rmul	pb_μ	r_gap
5e6	1.0	3.5e4	3.5e4	30	0.8	0.1	5e − 4

Note. Pb_emod is the effective modulus; pb_kratio is the normal-to-shear stiffness ratio; pb_ten is the tensile strength (Pa); pb_coh is the cohesion (Pa); pb_fa is the friction angle (°); pb_rmul is the bond radius multiplier; pb_μ is the friction coefficient of parallel bond; r_gap is the reference gap.