Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Precast Frame Columns with Vertical Reinforcement Spliced with Grouted Sleeve Lapping Connectors

Table 5

Energy dissipation (E) and equivalent viscous damping coefficient (D) under the displacement limit state.

Specimen	u (mm)	E	Ei/E1	D	Di/D1
XZ1	66	13.99	1.00	0.23	1.00
YZ1	72	16.62	1.19	0.22	0.96
YZ2	70	16.16	1.16	0.23	1.00

Note: E_i and D_i refer to the energy dissipations and equivalent viscous damping coefficients of YZ1 or YZ2, respectively, while E₁ and D₁ refer to those of XZ1.