Research Article

Experimental Study on Seismic Behavior of Precast Frame Columns with Vertical Reinforcement Spliced with Grouted Sleeve Lapping Connectors

Table 9

Secant stiffness of the specimens at the major characteristic states (kN/mm).

SpecimenCracking stateYielding statePeak stateDisplacement limit state

XZ115.798.617.492.84
YZ119.2210.914.722.44
YZ215.2610.285.372.37