Investigating the Spatiotemporal Disparity and Influencing Factors of Urban Construction Land Utilization Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from Panel Data of China

Table 1

The moving average method of efficiency for a DMU (d = 3).

	t = 1	t = 2	t = 3	t = 4	t = 5	…	t = T − 4	t = T − 3	t = T − 2	t = T − 1	t = T
Window 1	E1,1	E1,2	E1,3
Window 2		E2,1	E2,2	E2,3
Window 3			E3,1	E3,2	E3,3
…						…
Window T − d − 1							ET − d − 1,1	ET − d − 1,2	ET − d − 1,3
Window T − d								ET − d,1	ET − d,2	ET − d,3
Window T − d + 1									ET − d + 1,1	ET − d + 1,2	ET − d + 1,3

E_{DMU, t}: average efficiency value of E_{m, n} in windows which belong to the t period. E_{DMU, t}: efficiency value of DMU at the t period. E_{m, n}: the efficiency of DMU at the n-th (n = 1, 2, …, d) time periods in the m window.