Experimental Study on the Negative Skin Friction of the Pile Group Induced by Rising and Lowering the Groundwater Level

<div>Average negative skin force distribution of piles in different test conditions. (a) Pile load: 12 kN. (b) Pile load: 24 kN.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

Figure 7: Experimental Study on the Negative Skin Friction of the Pile Group Induced by Rising and Lowering the Groundwater Level 