Comparisons of Two Approaches for Geotechnical Model Calibration with Scarce Data

Table 2

Summary of wall geometry, soil properties, facing type, and nail spacing for soil nail walls.

Wall	Soil type	Wall geometry			Soil strength properties			(kPa)	Facing type	Nail spacing
		(m)	(^ο)	(^ο)	(^ο)	(kPa)	(kN/m^3)
W1	Heterogenous SM	9.2	0	0	36.5	18.5	16.3	0	Shotcrete	1.85	1.85
W2	Glacial tills	12	10	0	32	0	20	22.5	Shotcrete	1.5–1.9	0.9–1.55
W3	Fill, silt, sand	7.6	0	0	38	0	19.6	0	N/A	1.83	1.22–1.83
W4	Gravelly silty sand	4	0	0	35	0	19.6	0	Concrete panel	1.0	1.05
W5	Gravelly silty sand	5	0	0	35	0	19.6	127	Concrete panel	1.0	1.05

, wall height; , face batter angle; , back slope angle; ,  soil friction angle; ,  soil cohesion; ,  soil unit weight; ,  surcharge; ,  horizontal nail spacing; ,  vertical nail spacing.