Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Soil-Pipe Pile Horizontal Vibration Based on the Fractional Derivative Viscoelastic Model

<div>The impedance factor curves of pile around soil under different fractional derivative orders. (a) Horizontal stiffness factor of the soil layer. (b) Horizontal damping factor of the soil layer.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Theoretical and Numerical Analysis of Soil-Pipe Pile Horizontal Vibration Based on the Fractional Derivative Viscoelastic Model 