Stability of a Rock Tunnel Passing through Talus-Like Formations: A Case Study in Southwestern China

Figure 4

Engineering problems in Tayi tunnel: (a) large deformation of the primary lining due to soft surrounding rock mass; (b) collapse of the tunnel excavation face; (c) collapse of the tunnel side wall after installing steel arches but before spraying shotcrete of the primary lining; (d) broken primary lining after spraying shotcrete.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)