Prefailure Deformation of Nailed Deep Excavations under Surcharge by Centrifuge Model Test

<div>Variations of <svg height="12.5794pt" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 23.3156 12.5794" width="23.3156pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M494 514C482 587 419 712 303 712C238 712 174 667 174 603C174 561 205 514 249 449C219 438 187 422 162 407C93 366 23 283 23 177C23 69 87 -12 190 -12C244 -12 288 5 328 33C406 87 444 170 444 249C444 329 404 391 331 475C265 550 222 605 222 627C222 647 238 657 267 657C355 657 421 585 484 499L494 514ZM359 234C359 143 319 30 219 30C172 30 114 75 114 178C114 275 163 343 195 378C212 397 241 415 269 425C305 382 359 313 359 234Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.396,3.132)"><path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.452,0)"><path d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,14.813,0)"><path d="M600 0V24L339 665L311 657L43 24V0H600ZM497 50H107L303 539L497 50Z"></path></g></svg> versus <i>h</i>/<i>h</i><sub>cr</sub> for different surcharges.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 11

Figure 11: Prefailure Deformation of Nailed Deep Excavations under Surcharge by Centrifuge Model Test 