Prefailure Deformation of Nailed Deep Excavations under Surcharge by Centrifuge Model Test

Table 2

Details of centrifuge model tests.

Test no.	Surcharge (kPa)	Excavation parameters		Nail parameters
			H (mm)		Nailing	Number of nails	Sh/H	/H
1	—	90	300	0	—	0	—	—
2	100	90	300	0	Yes	35	0.167	0.167
3	70	90	300	0	Yes	35	0.167	0.167
4	40	90	300	0	Yes	35	0.167	0.167

β denotes excavation angle, H denotes excavation depth, denotes angle of the nail to the horizon, S_h denotes horizontal distance of the nails, and denotes vertical distance of the nails.