Prefailure Deformation of Nailed Deep Excavations under Surcharge by Centrifuge Model Test

Table 3

Summary of test results.

Test no.	q (kPa)	hcr (cm)	x (cm)	(cm)	(rad)
1	0	3.9	—	—	—	—
2	100	12.9	0.53	1.7	0.071	0.118
3	70	18.5	0.6	1.52	0.063	0.092
4	40	21.7	0.43	1.13	0.032	0.052

q denotes surcharge, h_cr denotes critical depth, x denotes slip of the facing at the excavation floor level, denotes total lateral deformation of the facing, and θ denotes facing net rotation.