Research Article
The Potential to Replace Cement with Nano-Calcium Carbonate and Natural Pozzolans in Cemented Mine Backfill
Table 1
Mineralogy and physical properties of silica sand and two types of tailings (% by weight).
| | Characteristic | Gold tailings | Nickel tailings | Silica sand |
| | Mineralogy (wt.%) | | SiO2 | 49.02 | 77.28 | — | | Al2O3 | 17.68 | 11.09 | — | | Fe2O3 | 9.15 | 2.13 | — | | SO3 | 7.29 | — | — | | CaO | 6.52 | 2.22 | — | | MgO | 3.79 | 1.14 | — | | K2O | 2.70 | 2.19 | — | | TiO2 | 0.64 | 0.27 | — |
| | Physical properties | | Specific gravity | 2.89 | 2.80 | 2.69 | | D10 (μm) | 35.22 | 3.54 | 20.14 | | D30 (μm) | 75.37 | 82.05 | 48.03 | | D50 (μm) | 97.72 | 9.92 | 75.60 | | D60 (μm) | 105.78 | 170.55 | 88.65 | | D90 (μm) | 200.09 | 189.66 | 185.95 | | Cu (D60/D10) | 3.003 | 48.177 | 4.407 | | Cc (D302/(D10 × D60)) | 1.52 | 11.15 | 1.29 |
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