Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Shallow Expansive Soil due to Freeze-Thaw Effect with Water Supplement

<table class="table-group" id="tab2"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Physical index</td><td class="align_center">Value</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Specific gravity, <i>G</i><sub>s</sub></td><td class="align_center">2.73</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Liquid limit, <svg height="9.14241pt" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 14.4764 9.14241" width="14.4764pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M689 332C689 394 670 448 646 448C620 448 597 421 597 396C597 386 600 381 608 372C619 359 620 334 620 315C620 150 538 45 454 45C414 45 386 67 386 122C386 138 388 158 394 180L457 426L452 432L377 416L315 156C302 100 259 45 216 45C176 45 148 67 148 122C148 133 152 158 156 180C162 212 173 259 194 332C201 357 206 384 206 405C206 430 198 448 174 448C125 448 66 406 23 342L43 319C84 368 110 383 121 383C126 383 128 382 128 377C128 370 127 359 122 343C99 268 84 204 77 156C74 137 70 111 70 104C70 25 125 -12 180 -12C228 -12 276 12 319 50C338 8 378 -12 418 -12C549 -12 689 166 689 332Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.931,3.132)"><path d="M495 163C480 117 462 85 444 65C421 39 387 34 332 34C290 34 256 36 236 47C218 57 213 77 213 131V526C213 612 222 616 301 622V650H40V622C122 616 128 611 128 526V126C128 41 120 34 36 28V0H489C498 31 519 126 525 157L495 163Z"></path></g></svg> (%)</td><td class="align_center">69.1</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Plastic limit, <svg height="11.3254pt" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-5.364491pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 14.3485 11.3254" width="14.3485pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M689 332C689 394 670 448 646 448C620 448 597 421 597 396C597 386 600 381 608 372C619 359 620 334 620 315C620 150 538 45 454 45C414 45 386 67 386 122C386 138 388 158 394 180L457 426L452 432L377 416L315 156C302 100 259 45 216 45C176 45 148 67 148 122C148 133 152 158 156 180C162 212 173 259 194 332C201 357 206 384 206 405C206 430 198 448 174 448C125 448 66 406 23 342L43 319C84 368 110 383 121 383C126 383 128 382 128 377C128 370 127 359 122 343C99 268 84 204 77 156C74 137 70 111 70 104C70 25 125 -12 180 -12C228 -12 276 12 319 50C338 8 378 -12 418 -12C549 -12 689 166 689 332Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.931,3.132)"><path d="M169 380V459C122 440 66 423 24 416V392C86 384 90 382 90 317V-135C90 -201 81 -207 17 -213V-240H253V-213C176 -207 169 -201 169 -125V6C182 -1 208 -11 238 -12C368 12 487 109 487 260C487 358 421 449 310 449C298 449 279 444 261 433L169 380ZM169 346C196 367 237 389 269 389C341 389 403 329 403 221C403 109 347 37 263 37C228 37 191 53 169 76V346Z"></path></g></svg> (%)</td><td class="align_center">21.3</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Plasticity index, <i>I</i><sub>P</sub> (%)</td><td class="align_center">47.8</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Free swelling ratio (%)</td><td class="align_center">103</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Optimum water content (%)</td><td class="align_center">23.0</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Maximum dry density (g/cm<sup>3</sup>)</td><td class="align_center">1.68</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Freezing point (°C)</td><td class="align_center">−1.64</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Physical properties of expansive soil samples.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

tab2

Table 2

Table 2: Physical and Mechanical Characteristics of Shallow Expansive Soil due to Freeze-Thaw Effect with Water Supplement 