Experimental Study on Frost-Heaving Force Development of Tibetan Clay Subjected to One-Directional Freezing in an Open System

Figure 2

Sketch of the experimental equipment. (a) Loading piston; (b) cold-bath outlet; (c) ferrule; (d) fixed rod; (e) insulation layer; (f) sample-loading device; (g) drain hole; (h) cold-bath outlet; (i) cold-bath inlet; (j) bottom cold-bath plate; (k) Markovian bottle; (l) thermistor probe; (m) top cold-bath plate; (n) cold-bath inlet; (o) displacement transducer.