Experimental Study on Frost-Heaving Force Development of Tibetan Clay Subjected to One-Directional Freezing in an Open System

Figure 4

The temperature changes in soil samples with different dry densities. (a) ρ_d = 1.65 g∙cm⁻³, T_top = −7°C, and ω = 17%; (b) ρ_d = 1.70 g∙cm⁻³, T_top = −7°C, and ω = 17%; (c) ρ_d = 1.75 g∙cm⁻³, T_top = −7°C, and ω = 17%.

(a)

(b)

(c)