Development of a Hybrid Method to Predict the Slope Surface Deformation Utilizing the Time Series and GA-Elman Models

Table 1

Comparisons of the evaluation indicators on point ZG93 of the trend component displacement prediction models.

Models	ZG93
	Fitting data		Prediction data
	RMSE	R^2	RMSE	MAPE
BP	6.4716	0.9999	8.6142	0.3254
ELM	0.1679	0.9900	3.9101	0.1643
Elman	2.9044	0.9900	7.9343	0.3421
SVM	11.3004	0.9996	11.9867	7.8607
GA-BP	18.1316	0.9995	2.1376	0.0735
GA-Elman	2.2347	0.9900	2.4907	0.0877