Development of a Hybrid Method to Predict the Slope Surface Deformation Utilizing the Time Series and GA-Elman Models

Table 3

Comparisons of the evaluation indicators on the inclination angle of T5 through different models.

Models	T5
	Fitting data		Prediction data
	RMSE	R^2	RMSE	MAPE
BP	0.4416	0.9914	3.6805	13.5462
ELM	0.2967	0.9961	1.6457	8.6666
Elman	0.3439	0.9948	1.0416	4.6987
SVM	0.5132	0.9888	1.0753	3.4309
GA-BP	0.7052	0.9801	1.4801	4.5226
GA-Elman	0.3097	0.8955	0.5608	3.0822