Evaluation of Risk of Building Damage due to Deep Excavations via Numerical Modelling

Figure 5

The equivalent beam approach [22]. (a) Actual building. (b) Bending deformation with cracking due to direct tensile strain. (c) Beam: simple idealisation of building. (d) Shear deformation with cracking due to diagonal tensile strain. (e) Deflected shape of soffit of beam.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)