In Situ Frost-Heaving Characteristics of Shallow Layer of Soil Slopes in Intermittently Frozen Region Based on PFC^3D

Figure 15

Layout of Clump blocks. (a) 45-L, (b) 45-SM, and (c) 60-L. 45-L, 45-SM, and 60-L mean slope with 45° gradient and large block, slope with 45° gradient and small and medium block, and slope with 60° gradient and large block, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)