In Situ Frost-Heaving Characteristics of Shallow Layer of Soil Slopes in Intermittently Frozen Region Based on PFC^3D

Figure 16

Displacement of soil slopes with blocks under FH effect (unit: m). (a) 45-N, (b) 45-S, (c) 45-M, (d) 45-L, (e) 60-N, and (f) 60-L. Note: 45-N, 45-S, 45-M, 45-L, 60-N, and 60-L mean 45° slope without a block, 45° slope with a small block, 45° slope with a medium block, 45° slope with a large block, and 60° slope without a block, and 60° slope with a large block, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)