Research Article
In Situ Frost-Heaving Characteristics of Shallow Layer of Soil Slopes in Intermittently Frozen Region Based on PFC3D
Table 2
Main mesoscopic parameters.
| | Models | Parameters | Unit | Value |
| | Soil particle | Radius | mm | 0.65–1.3 | | Density | kg/m3 | 2655 | | Friction coefficient | — | 0.5 | | Kn | N/m | 1.2e5 | | Stiffness ratio | — | 8 |
| | Soil-soil | Tensile strength | Pa | 2.1e5 | | Shear strength | Pa | 1.05e5 |
| | Ice particle | Radius | mm | 0.34 | | Density | kg/m3 | 900 | | Kn | — | 1.2e5 | | Stiffness ratio | N/m | 1 |
| | Ice-ice | Tensile strength | Pa | 9.5e7 | | Cohesive force | Pa | 9.5e7 |
| | Ice-soil | Tensile strength | Pa | 1.9e7 | | Cohesive force | Pa | 1.9e7 |
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