Using Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Predict the Fracture Energy of Concrete Beams

Table 1

Variables of the concrete fracture energy prediction model.

Variables	Items	Minimum	Maximum	Average	Standard deviation
Input variables	S (mm)	191.0	2000.0	720.0	252.2
	W (mm)	50.0	400.0	121.6	54.3
	T (mm)	40.0	152.0	88.5	17.8
	a0 (mm)	5.0	207.0	44.4	34.0
	w/c	0.19	0.80	0.39	0.14
	λ	0.17	0.56	0.28	0.05
	dmax (mm)	1.0	32.0	14.9	4.7
	fc (MPa)	4.0	180.0	57.9	22.2
Output variables	Gf (N/m)	36.3	367.0	149.0	80.5