Three-Dimensional, Real-Time, and Intelligent Data Acquisition of Large Deformation in Deep Tunnels

Table 1

Multiple sensing elements of rock mass-support system.

Name	The main parameters	Target
Multipoint displacement gauge	Number, range, sensitivity	Displacement of rock mass at different depths
Bolt (reinforcement) stress gauge	Range, sensitivity	Variation of stress
Pressure cell	Range, sensitivity	Change of pressure between shotcrete and lining
Hollow inclusion stress gauge	Range, sensitivity	Change of stress in the rock mass