Improving the Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures by Simultaneous Modification of Asphalt Binder and Aggregates with Carbon Nanofiber and Carbon Nanotube

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left" rowspan="2">Asphalt binder</td><td class="align_center" colspan="5">SFE components</td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_center"><span class="nowrap"><svg height="10.8465pt" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-0.04980087pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7967 12.7944 10.8465" width="12.7944pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M485 501C480 550 475 615 475 650H42V622C119 616 127 606 127 525V126C127 44 119 34 41 28V0H311V28C220 34 212 43 212 126V584C212 612 216 615 244 615H318C382 615 404 608 420 587C435 568 445 541 455 497L485 501Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.595,-5.741)"><path d="M556 236V289H337V504H275V289H56V236H275V-4H337V236H556Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> acidic</td><td class="align_center"><span class="nowrap"><svg height="10.8465pt" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-0.04980087pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -10.7967 12.7944 10.8465" width="12.7944pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M485 501C480 550 475 615 475 650H42V622C119 616 127 606 127 525V126C127 44 119 34 41 28V0H311V28C220 34 212 43 212 126V584C212 612 216 615 244 615H318C382 615 404 608 420 587C435 568 445 541 455 497L485 501Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.595,-5.741)"><path d="M556 236V289H56V236H556Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> basic</td><td class="align_center"><span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.9335pt" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.04979992pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.8837 18.896 11.9335" width="18.896pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M485 501C480 550 475 615 475 650H42V622C119 616 127 606 127 525V126C127 44 119 34 41 28V0H311V28C220 34 212 43 212 126V584C212 612 216 615 244 615H318C382 615 404 608 420 587C435 568 445 541 455 497L485 501Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.595,-5.741)"><path d="M673 0V28C608 34 594 43 563 129C499 303 432 494 370 665L339 656L132 132C98 43 84 37 20 28V0H238V28C162 35 154 45 175 108C188 150 203 192 219 237H432C454 176 474 122 487 83S491 36 428 28V0H673ZM418 280H234C265 362 296 450 328 535H330L418 280Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.883,-5.741)"><path d="M372 352C427 368 507 407 507 502C507 548 486 592 451 616C420 638 376 650 301 650H44V622C124 616 128 610 128 527V123C128 40 122 34 36 28V0H257C336 0 402 12 453 40C512 72 548 124 548 191C548 291 471 335 372 350V352ZM213 362V558C213 591 216 602 226 608C235 614 258 618 282 618C377 618 415 558 415 490C415 406 369 362 260 362H213ZM213 328H258C380 328 450 283 450 181C450 76 377 35 296 34C231 34 213 53 213 125V328Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> polar</td><td class="align_center"><span class="nowrap"><svg height="11.7737pt" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.04990005pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.7238 20.2752 11.7737" width="20.2752pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M485 501C480 550 475 615 475 650H42V622C119 616 127 606 127 525V126C127 44 119 34 41 28V0H311V28C220 34 212 43 212 126V584C212 612 216 615 244 615H318C382 615 404 608 420 587C435 568 445 541 455 497L485 501Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.595,-5.741)"><path d="M495 163C480 117 462 85 444 65C421 39 387 34 332 34C290 34 256 36 236 47C218 57 213 77 213 131V526C213 612 222 616 301 622V650H40V622C122 616 128 611 128 526V126C128 41 120 34 36 28V0H489C498 31 519 126 525 157L495 163Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.769,-5.741)"><path d="M956 650H736V622C814 613 818 602 804 542C789 471 733 275 691 141H689C628 314 570 476 514 641H485C434 478 377 312 323 142H321C277 284 238 419 199 554C184 605 186 613 259 622V650H16V622C77 615 92 606 117 524C172 346 228 170 281 -11H312C363 151 419 312 475 488H477C528 343 597 150 652 -11H683C765 269 826 458 848 522C878 605 887 613 956 622V650Z"></path></g></svg>,</span> nonpolar</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 23.7096ptpx;"><svg height="12.3217pt" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-0.04979992pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.2719 23.7096 12.3217" width="23.7096pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M485 501C480 550 475 615 475 650H42V622C119 616 127 606 127 525V126C127 44 119 34 41 28V0H311V28C220 34 212 43 212 126V584C212 612 216 615 244 615H318C382 615 404 608 420 587C435 568 445 541 455 497L485 501Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.595,-5.741)"><path d="M298 36L289 62C276 55 253 45 228 45C202 45 169 60 169 141V397H276C289 405 292 426 282 437H169V574L155 576L90 509V437H45L17 408L21 397H90V107C90 28 125 -12 188 -12C198 -12 213 -8 230 1L298 36Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.316,-5.741)"><path d="M257 449C165 449 37 374 37 209C37 98 119 -12 256 -12C355 -12 473 65 473 226C473 349 381 449 257 449ZM244 416C333 416 380 320 380 204C380 67 329 21 267 21C184 21 130 115 130 241C130 354 184 416 244 416Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.856,-5.741)"><path d="M298 36L289 62C276 55 253 45 228 45C202 45 169 60 169 141V397H276C289 405 292 426 282 437H169V574L155 576L90 509V437H45L17 408L21 397H90V107C90 28 125 -12 188 -12C198 -12 213 -8 230 1L298 36Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.687,-5.741)"><path d="M433 39L423 65C413 59 399 54 387 54C370 54 352 69 352 114V299C352 352 342 392 307 422C285 440 255 449 225 449C168 437 102 399 75 379C56 365 44 353 44 339C44 315 69 296 87 296C101 296 111 303 116 319C124 349 133 371 145 385C156 397 171 404 190 404C241 404 275 364 275 291V274C253 256 180 229 120 209C65 190 39 159 39 110C39 47 88 -12 159 -12C189 -12 237 25 277 52C282 35 288 21 301 8C312 -3 333 -12 348 -12L433 39ZM275 84C256 65 221 48 195 48C164 48 124 73 124 124C124 161 146 180 185 198C206 208 254 229 275 240V84Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.727,-5.741)"><path d="M238 0V26C174 32 166 38 166 104V712C132 700 70 683 18 677V653C81 647 87 645 87 577V104C87 38 78 32 15 26V0H238Z"></path></g></svg></span></td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Unmodified</td><td class="align_center">22.20</td><td class="align_center">509.93</td><td class="align_center">2.38</td><td class="align_center">11.78</td><td class="align_center">14.16</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Modified with 1% CNF</td><td class="align_center">19.17</td><td class="align_center">514.61</td><td class="align_center">2.50</td><td class="align_center">14.34</td><td class="align_center">16.84</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Modified with 2% CNF</td><td class="align_center">16.48</td><td class="align_center">519.12</td><td class="align_center">2.62</td><td class="align_center">17.09</td><td class="align_center">19.71</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>The SFE components of the unmodified and modified asphalt binders (mJ/m<sup>2</sup>).</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: Improving the Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures by Simultaneous Modification of Asphalt Binder and Aggregates with Carbon Nanofiber and Carbon Nanotube 

Table 5 | Improving the Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures by Simultaneous Modification of Asphalt Binder and Aggregates with Carbon Nanofiber and Carbon Nanotube 