Experimental Study on Local Scour and Related Mechanical Effects at River-Crossing Underwater Oil and Gas Pipelines

Figure 9

Scour profile under different embedment ratios: (a) scour profile with a embedment ratio of −2, (b) scour profile with a embedment ratio of −1.5, (c) scour profile with a embedment ratio of −1, (d) scour profile with a embedment ratio of −0.5, (e) scour profile with a embedment ratio of 0, (f) scour profile with a embedment ratio of 0.5, and (g) scour profile with a embedment ratio of 1.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)