Wedge Instability Model Improvement of Shield Tunnel Excavation Face under Inclined Surface

Figure 2

The Instability model of excavation face based on numerical simulation: (a) numerical simulation in the literature [21], (b) ground tilt angle 10°, (c) ground tilt angle 20°, and (d) ground tilt angle 30°.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)