Modification of Peck Formula to Predict Ground Surface Settlement of Twin Tunnels in Low Permeability Soil

<div>Comparison of surface settlement and vault settlement development. (a) Outside the river-affected area. (b) Inside the river-affected area.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 7

Figure 7: Modification of Peck Formula to Predict Ground Surface Settlement of Twin Tunnels in Low Permeability Soil 