An Impact-Echo Experimental Approach for Detecting Concrete Structural Faults

Table 1

Material parameters.

Material	Density (Kg/m^3)	Elastic modulus (Pa)	Poisson’s ratio
Steel	7.8 × 10^3	2.1 × 10^11	0.3
Concrete	2.4 × 10^3	3.25 × 10^10	0.2
Mortar	1.74 × 10^3	8.71 × 10^9	0.2
PVC	1.1 × 10^3	4 × 10^9	0.2

Note. PVC, polyvinyl chloride.