An Impact-Echo Experimental Approach for Detecting Concrete Structural Faults

Table 2

Summary of working condition model parameters.

Model number	Corrugated pipe material	Grouting compactness	Position of the critical surface of the defect (and the test surface)	Prestressed tendons and their position
1	Metal/PVC	Not grouted	Parallel	None
2	Metal/PVC	1/3Grouting	Parallel	None
3	Metal/PVC	2/3Grouting	Parallel	None
4	Metal/PVC	Compact	Parallel	None
5	Metal	1/3Grouting	Vertical	None
6	Metal	2/3Grouting	Vertical	None
7	Metal	Compact	Parallel	Exist (pipe top)
8	Metal	Compact	Parallel	Exist (pipe bottom)
9	Metal	1/2Grouting	Parallel	Exist (pipe top)
10	Metal	1/2Grouting	Parallel	Exist (pipe bottom)

Note. In Table 2, the location of the defective critical surface is parallel to the test surface that is “top and bottom plate conditions” and vertical that is “web condition.”