Estimations of the Jacking Forces of Large-Sized Rectangular Jacking Pipes Based on a Displacement Control Method

Table 4

Material parameters for the clay in project area (Drucker–Prager constitutive model was adopted to calculate the model).

Parameter	γt (kN/m^3)	E (kN/m^2)	c (kN/m^2)	φ (°)	σc (kPa)	Ψ (°)
Soils	20	20, 000	30	25	66.63	10.4