Support Measures to Prevent the Deformation and Failure of a Carbonaceous Mudstone Tunnel

Figure 16

Simulation result graphs: (a) the maximum settlement for different anchor pipe lengths; (b) the maximum convergence for different anchor pipe lengths; (c) the maximum pressure at the vault for different anchor pipe lengths; (d) the maximum stress in the x-direction for different anchor pipe lengths.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)