Research Article
Support Measures to Prevent the Deformation and Failure of a Carbonaceous Mudstone Tunnel
| Material type | Modulus of elasticity (GPa) | Density | Poisson’s ratio |
| Steel arch equivalent shotcrete | 26.64 | 2408 | 0.2 | Lock foot anchor pipe | 205 | 3250 | 0.3 |
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