Damage Identification of Structures Based on Smooth Orthogonal Decomposition and Improved Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm

<div>The reduction in stiffness calculated by IBAS (double damage case + 0.5% for the noise level). (a) First damaged element. (b) Second damaged element.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 13

Figure 13: Damage Identification of Structures Based on Smooth Orthogonal Decomposition and Improved Beetle Antennae Search Algorithm 