Application of Extreme Gradient Boosting Based on Grey Relation Analysis for Prediction of Compressive Strength of Concrete

Table 6

Individual and average values of the R², RMSE, and MAPE of ANN, GA-ANN, and XGBoost.

	R^2		RMSE (MPa)		MAPE (%)
	(i = 1, 2, 3)		(i = 1, 2, 3)		(i = 1, 2, 3)
ANN	0.708	0.674	13.377	15.569	9.733	11.224
	0.594		19.509		14.128
	0.720		13.820		9.811
GA-ANN	0.833	0.829	9.413	10.530	9.289	9.140
	0.837		11.739		8.257
	0.818		10.437		9.875
XGBoost	0.874	0.880	10.982	9.532	9.544	8.718
	0.893		8.996		8.353
	0.872		8.619		8.258