Numerical Simulation of Empty-Hole Effect during Parallel-Hole Cutting under Different In Situ Stress Conditions

Figure 3

Cloud chart of dynamic stress distribution for implicit-explicit solution. (a) t = 0 μs, (b) t = 90 μs, (c) t = 180 μs, and (d) t = 270 μs.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)