Optimization Effects of Load Reduction for Earth Pressure on High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Using the Discrete Element Method

<div>Comparison of the discrete element method and experimental results for materials: (a) backfill soil; (b) expanded polystyrene.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

Figure 4: Optimization Effects of Load Reduction for Earth Pressure on High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Using the Discrete Element Method 