Optimization Effects of Load Reduction for Earth Pressure on High-Filled Cut-and-Cover Tunnels Using the Discrete Element Method

Table 2

Macroscopic parameters of loess.

	Relative compaction (%)	Young’s modulus (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio	Cohesion (kPa)	Cohesion (kPa)	Unit weight (kN/m^3)
Loess	85	5.4	0.3	31.11	28.24	17.7