Ground Displacements due to the Deformations of Shallow Tunnels with Arbitrary Cross Sections in Soft Ground

Figure 8

Contours of the normalized stresses and displacements in the case of the elliptical tunnel with different ellipticity values. (a) Shearing stress of soil. (b) Soil stress in the x-direction. (c) Soil displacement in the x-direction. (d) Soil displacement in the y-direction. (e) Soil stress in the y-direction.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)