Freezing Temperature Field of FSPR under Different Pipe Configurations: A Case Study in Gongbei Tunnel, China

Figure 16

Distribution of the freezing temperature field of Configuration C and curves of the average frozen soil wall thickness: (a) Freezing temperature field at 3 h. (b) Freezing temperature field at 6 h. (c) Freezing temperature field at 21 h. (d) Comparison of the development curves of average frozen wall thickness in Configurations B and C.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)