BP Neural Network Improved by Sparrow Search Algorithm in Predicting Debonding Strain of FRP-Strengthened RC Beams

Figure 3

Distribution of each parameter: (a) the distribution of concrete strength, (b) the distribution of FRP stiffness, (c) the ratio of sheet length to beam length, (d) the ratio of sheet width to beam width, (e) the shear-to-span ratio, (f) longitudinal reinforcement ratio, (g) stirrup reinforcement ratio, and (h) the yield strain of steel bars.

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