A Displacement-Based Theory for Predicting the Support Force on the Shield Tunneling Surface in Sandy Soil Layers

<div>Comparison of the influence of shield driving displacement on the passive supporting force: (a) theoretical results and (b) numerical results.</div>

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Figure 8

Figure 8: A Displacement-Based Theory for Predicting the Support Force on the Shield Tunneling Surface in Sandy Soil Layers 