Study of Instability Mechanism and Roof Caving Mode of Cementing Filling Stope: The Case Study of a Nonferrous Metal Mine in China

Figure 12

The failure process of overburden rock formation caused by underground mining. (a) Step 1: Arched caving of the roof filling body. (b) Step 2: Plug-subsidence of the upper gneiss.

(a)

(b)