Simplified Calculation Method for Overlying Pipeline Deformation Induced by Tunnel Construction in Soil Based on the Energy Principle

Table 1

Material parameters of different pipelines.

Material name	Elastic modulus (GPa)	Bending stiffness
PVC pipe	3	9.432 × 10^8N⋅m^2
Concrete pipe	25	7.860 × 10^9N⋅m^2
Cast iron pipe	150	4.716 × 10^10N⋅m^2
Steel pipe	210	6.602 × 10^10N⋅m^2