Study of the Indoor Model Test and CEL Simulation of Jacking Force in the Vertical Tunnelling Method

Figure 4

Test process. (a) Marking standpipe. (b) Jacking test. (c) Loading soil. (d) Landfilling soil. (e) Painting foaming adhesive. (f) Jacking standpipe. (g) Data recording. (h) Completing jacking.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)